E M; Housley, R.
G E; Leese, M. N2 - Very small samples from the Shroud of Turin have been dated by accelerator mass spectrometry in laboratories at Arizona, Oxford and Zurich. AB - Very small samples from the Shroud of Turin have been dated by accelerator mass spectrometry in laboratories at Arizona, Oxford and Zurich. Radiocarbon dating of the Shroud of Turin P.
Abstract Very small samples from the Shroud of Turin have been dated by accelerator mass spectrometry in laboratories at Arizona, Oxford and Zurich. Fingerprint accelerator mass spectrometry. Nature , , E M ; Housley, R.
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G E ; Leese, M. AU - Donahue, D. AU - Gore, B. AU - Hatheway, A. AU - Jull, A. Timothy AU - Linick, T. AU - Sercel, P.
AU - Toolin, L. AU - Bronk, C. AU - Hall, E. The inclusion of the other laboratories would have obviated this potential risk. As it turned out my fears were not realized. That the shroud's age is the historic one is the dullest result one could have wished for. But in science as in many other aspects of life one does not always get what one wishes. The Turin Shroud," Archaeometry , Vol. The meeting was the tenth anniversary of the first measurement of carbon in natural material by tandem accelerators.
One of the sessions included the history of the development of accelerator mass spectrometry. The after dinner talk at the symposium banquet was titled 'The Shroud of Turin: Dale stated that the shroud's most probable date would be somewhere between and AD. At the conference, I presented a poster on the conclusions and the procedural steps which were agreed to at the Turin workshop.
It was published as a paper in the proceedings of the meeting in the journal Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. I organized a meeting of those people at the conference representing the five AMS laboratories that had participated in the Turin workshop to discuss the inordinate delay in a decision to proceed with the carbon dating of the shroud.
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I was asked to write to Chagas [late Professor Carlos Chagas, President of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences] re-affirming our support for the protocol we had all agreed to at the workshop and to press for action. The text of the letter follows: Present were representatives of the 5 AMS laboratories who will be involved in the measurements, all of whom with the exception of the representative of Oxford were present at the Turin workshop. Since this international meeting concerned accelerator mass spectrometry, AMS, there were no delegates present from the 2 counter laboratories at Harwell and Brookhaven.
As a result of the meeting, the undersigned wished to reaffirm their strong, continuing support for the conclusions and procedural steps agreed to by the delegates to the Turin workshop of September 29 to 1 October and in particular: We emphasize the above because of a report in the 27 April issue of La Stampa , the Turin newspaper, attributed to Professor Luigi Gonella, that the carbon measurements will be carried out in two or three laboratories. That so directly contravenes the Turin workshop agreement that it could severely jeopardize the carbon dating enterprise.
He had learned from Otlet that the shroud samples had been removed on 21 April Hall had flown into London on 25 April with the samples in hand and he received a lot of publicity. The archbishop had been, according to Harbottle, furious about Hall's trying to commercially capitalize on the venture. Harbottle also said that the BBC were going to film the measurements at Zurich.
He said that, according to Otlet, there was no possibility this time of any outliers because the three labs would consult together so the answers would come out the same. I must say I thought that Otlet was being either paranoid or surprisingly cynical. The original rumour that the shroud was medieval appeared in the article by Kenneth Rose in the London Sunday Telegraph. Aside from a naive statement from Ballestrero that the labs would not know which of four samples was the shroud, there was not much reaction to the Rose report. However, this changed when the 27th August edition of the Washington Post carried a story by Tim Radford of the Guardian that "The furor began after Dr Richard Luckett of Cambridge University wrote in the Evening Standard yesterday that a date of 'looks likely' for the foot piece of linen which appears to bear the imprint He also referred to laboratories as "leaky institutions".
I am amazed that there should be indiscretions of this sort from a university like Oxford. We had expected different behaviour from a laboratory of this reputation. A friend of mine who was visiting Mexico sent me a clipping from the 27th August edition of the Mexico City News. It quoted the report carried by the Evening Standard on 26 August and provided a few more details from that report. The Evening Standard report claimed that Oxford had found the shroud to be a fake which dated only to AD.
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Oxford had completed their measurements during the first week of August and had sent them to the British Museum. Hall certainly knew the Oxford result at the time of the leak and may also have known the overall result that was to be published in Nature. Both gave a mean several decades less than AD.
Hall had no motive for perpetrating the leak and the clear disparity between what he knew the answer to be and the leaked date is convincing evidence that he did not. The subhead read 'London paper claims tests show Shroud of Turin a fake'. London Evening Standard yesterday reported, without attribution, that radio-carbon tests at Oxford University showed the shroud was made about The article stated that Luckett , whose university is an ancient rival of Oxford, was not connected with the tests but had been associated with investigations of the shroud's history.
An Associated Press story appeared in the 9 September issue of the Rochester Democrat and Chronicle headlined 'Shroud's age remains secret Oxford research chief says', with the subhead 'He claims forgery report was just a guess'. Teddy Hall was quoted to this effect in the Oxford Mail.
I must say I wondered about Luckett's date of because it was the date Donahue announced to me when I was present at the first radiocarbon measurement on the shroud in 6 May Of course, it also corresponds very closely to the shroud's known historic date. However, I still assumed Luckett had said he got the number from Oxford. When I read that he claimed he got it from one of the other two labs I worried that it might have come from someone who was present at Arizona during the first measurement.
Then followed one of the controls.
Radiocarbon Dating of the Shroud of Turin
Each run consisted of a 10 second measurement of the carbon current and a 50 second measurement of the carbon counts. All this was under computer control and the calculations produced by the computer were displayed on a cathode ray screen. The age of the control sample could have been calculated on a small pocket calculator but was not-everyone was waiting for the next sample-the Shroud of Turin!
We all waited breathlessly. The ratio was compared with the OX sample and the radiocarbon time scale calibration was applied by Doug Donahue. His face became instantly drawn and pale. At the end of that one minute we knew the age of the Turin Shroud! The next nine numbers confirmed the first.
Based on these 10 one minute runs, with the calibration correction applied, the year the flax had been harvested that formed its linen threads was AD -the shroud was only years old! It was certainly not Christ's burial cloth but dated from the time its historic record began. A Critical Review of the Nature Report," p.
The Shroud of Turin: Shroud News - March
Rockford IL, , p. There are two irreconcilable conclusions, one of which must be wrong. All the studies on the sudarium point to its having covered the same face as the Shroud did, and we know that the sudarium was in Oviedo in On the other hand, the carbon dating specialists have said that the Shroud dates from to Either the sudarium has nothing to do with the Shroud, or the carbon dating was wrong - there is no middle way, no compromise.
If the sudarium did not cover the same face as the Shroud, there are an enormous number of coincidences, too many for one small piece of cloth.
Radiocarbon dating of the Shroud of Turin
If there was only one connection, maybe it could be just a coincidence, but there are too many. The only logical conclusion from all the evidence is that both the Oviedo sudarium and the Turin Shroud covered the same face. As we have already seen from the Cagliari congress, there are also many inherent reasons why the Shroud cannot be fourteenth century, reasons that nobody has been able to disprove, and only one that suggests a medieval origin-carbon dating.
Those who believe in the carbon dating have never been able to offer any serious proof or evidence to explain why every other scientific method practised on the Shroud has given a first century origin as a result, most have not even tried. It can hardly be considered rational or scientific to blindly accept what conveniently fits in with one's own personal ideas without even taking into consideration what others say. And after all, carbon dating is just one experimental method compared with dozens of others, and it stands alone in its medieval theory.
If both the sudarium and the Shroud date from the first century, then the carbon dating must be mistaken , and it is the duty of those who believe in the dual authenticity of the cloths to show why carbon dating has shown the Shroud to be first century. Those who have attempted this can be broadly divided into two bands, those who think that the particular process of the Shroud's carbon dating was a fake, a deliberate deception by the scientists involved, and those who believe that the whole process of carbon dating is not as reliable as it is made out to be, and is far from infallible.
In that case, the following story would have to be true. Sometime in the seventh century, in Palestine, after reading the gospel of John, a well known forger of religious relics saw the opportunity of putting a new product on the market - a cloth that had been over the face of the dead body of Jesus.