But to transmit data over short distances, like between circuit components on a microchip, long-wavelength light must be squeezed into tiny spaces. Previously, scientists have effectively shrunk light by converting it into waves that travel along the surface of metals.
But these waves lose their energy before they can successfully carry information useful distances. Optical fiber, on the other hand, carries light over several kilometers without energy loss, but it cannot be miniaturized less than half the size of the wavelength. The Berkeley researchers combined these techniques to both compress the light and allow it to travel far enough to transmit information on computer chips.
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They place a semiconductor nanowire, such as gallium arsenide, within nanometers of a thin sheet of silver. Without the nanowire, light converted into surface waves would spread out over the silver sheet, and the light energy would be quickly dissipated. But with the nanowire present, charges pile up on both the silver and the nanowire surfaces, trapping light energy between them.
The nanowire has the effect of confining and guiding surface waves, preventing them from spreading out over the metal and dissipating the light energy. Using computer simulations to tune both the diameter of the nanowire and the distance between the nanowire and the metal, the researchers found an optimal arrangement that would allow light to be squeezed into the smallest space possible while still retaining a sufficient amount of energy: A device that confines light beyond its natural wavelength, however, could measure and return information about what lies beyond these limits.
The group is cautiously optimistic about its innovation. However, they have only tested the devices with visible light frequencies, which are still hundreds of nanometers smaller than the infrared frequencies used in communications.
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And while a propagation distance of microns is good, says Zhang, they want a distance of at least a millimeter for practical devices on integrated chips. With continued refinement, the technique could play several roles in optical computing. The setup could be used to steer light through certain paths on chips.
The group is even toying with the idea of using the device to produce an ultrasmall light source. I can be emotional I tend to wear my heart on I am kind and caring, serious about some things but also love fun and laughter. Lady with sense of humour seeks kind but strong gentleman to share good times and bad. My friends would say I'm fun, kind and laugh a lot.
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Classic FM Romance Find someone on your wavelength. Log in to your account Username or Email Address: Log in with Facebook. Connections First Impressions The quickest way to connect with others. Matches Find out who you match with. Profile Views See who's viewed your profile and whose profiles you've viewed. Favourites View the members you have favourited. Fans View members who have favourited your profile.
Mutual Fans Find out if any of the members you've added as a favourite is also a fan of yours. Tell us about your experience the first time you went to a conference outside the field you trained in. I must say that it was not so challenging, because I was so eager to let my colleagues know the power of scientific data in contributing to archaeological research that I tried to make all the scientific data accessible to them.
What are the main challenges and the main advantages of working in an interdisciplinary team? It is extremely interesting, also because you always see how physics can be useful in fields apparently very far removed from it. At the same time it must be considered that building a career is much more complicated than when remaining inside an orthodox physics field, mainly due to the difficulties in finding appropriate journals: Most results are very useful in the field, but no as highly considered as traditional physics experiments.
Furthermore the community is not so wide and the citation numbers increase very slowly. What would be your advice to a PI leading an interdisciplinary group? In my opinion it is essential that before contributing to an interdisciplinary field, a researcher has a consolidated knowledge of his own discipline.
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A physicist can be a good archaeometer if he is a good physicist first. Do you find it particularly difficult to obtain funding? Or to get your research published?