Bartholomew in ; and the Paulskirche, which was the meeting place of the first Frankfurt National Assembly. International trade fairs have been held in Frankfurt since , and the city is now a leading commercial, financial, and high-technology centre. There is an important stock exchange first established in The Rothschild family started building its international banking empire in Frankfurt. Annual book, automobile, and computer fairs are popular events, and there are many other fairs held throughout the year. Manufactures include automobiles, machinery, chemical and pharmaceutical products, printing materials, and foodstuffs.
The city is traditionally known for its production of high-quality sausages frankfurters. Frankfurt has long been a key stopping point for river, rail, and road traffic from Switzerland and southern Germany northward along the Rhine River to the Ruhr region and across the Main River to north-central Germany. It is still the chief traffic hub for western Germany and has also been an important inland shipping port since the canalization of the Main in the s.
Frankfurt am Main
Frankfurt Airport is the largest airport in Germany and one of the busiest in Europe. Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt is among the largest institutions of higher education in Germany. Adjoining it is the Goethe Museum and Library. We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval.
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It is one of the few cities in the European Union to have such a skyline and because of it Germans sometimes refer to Frankfurt as Mainhattan , a portmanteau of the local Main River and Manhattan. The other well known and obvious nickname is Bankfurt. Before World War II the city was globally noted for its unique old town with timber-framed buildings, the largest timber-framed old town in Europe.
Frankonovurd in Old High German or Vadum Francorum in Latin were the first names mentioned in written records from It transformed to Frankenfort during the Middle Ages and then to Franckfort and Franckfurth in the modern era. According to historian David Gans , the city was named c. He hoped thereby to perpetuate the name of his lineage. English ' ford where the river was shallow enough to be crossed on foot. By the 19th century, the name Frankfurt had been established as the official spelling.
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The older English spelling of Frankfort is now rarely seen in reference to Frankfurt am Main, although more than a dozen other towns and cities, mainly in the United States, use this spelling e. The suffix 'am Main' has been used regularly since the 14th century. Frankfurt is located on an ancient ford German: Furt on the Main River. As a part of early Franconia , the inhabitants were the early Franks , thus the city's name reveals its legacy as "the ford of the Franks on the Main".
Among English speakers, the city is commonly known simply as Frankfurt, but Germans occasionally call it by its full name to distinguish it from the other significantly smaller German city of Frankfurt an der Oder in the federated state of Brandenburg on the Polish border. The city district Bonames has a name probably dating back to Roman times, thought to be derived from bona me n sa good table.
The common abbreviations for the city, primarily used in railway services and on road signs, are Frankfurt Main , Frankfurt M , Frankfurt a. The common abbreviation for the name of the city is "FFM". Nida Heddernheim was also a Roman civitas capital. Alemanni and Franks lived there , and by , Charlemagne presided over an imperial assembly and church synod, at which Franconofurd alternative spellings end with -furt and -vurd was first mentioned. Frankfurt was one of the most important cities in the Holy Roman Empire. From , the German kings and emperors were elected and crowned in Aachen.
From , the kings and emperors were crowned in Frankfurt, initiated for Maximilian II. This tradition ended in , when Franz II was elected. His coronation was deliberately held on Bastille Day , 14 July, the anniversary of the storming of the Bastille. The elections and coronations took place in St.
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In , Emperor Friedrich II granted an imperial privilege to its visitors, meaning they would be protected by the empire. The fair became particularly important when similar fairs in French Beaucaire lost attraction around Book trade fairs began in In , Frankfurt traders established a system of exchange rates for the various currencies that were circulating to prevent cheating and extortion.
Therein lay the early roots for the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Frankfurt managed to remain neutral during the Thirty Years' War , but suffered from the bubonic plague that refugees brought to the city. After the war, Frankfurt regained its wealth. Following the French Revolution , Frankfurt was occupied or bombarded several times by French troops. This meant that Frankfurt was incorporated into the confederation of the Rhine. In , Dalberg adopted the title of a Grand Duke of Frankfurt.
The Grand Duchy remained a short episode lasting from to , when the military tide turned in favour of the Anglo-Prussian lead allies that overturned the Napoleonic order. After Napoleon's final defeat and abdication, the Congress of Vienna — dissolved the grand-duchy and Frankfurt became a fully sovereign city state with a republican form of government.
Passwort zurücksetzen
Frankfurt entered the newly founded German Confederation till as a free city, becoming the seat of its Bundestag , the confederal parliament where the nominally presiding Habsburg Emperor of Austria was represented by an Austrian "presidential envoy". After the ill-fated revolution of , Frankfurt was the seat of the first democratically elected German parliament, the Frankfurt Parliament , which met in the Frankfurter Paulskirche St. Paul's Church and was opened on 18 May The institution failed in when the Prussian king declared that he would not accept "a crown from the gutter".
In the year of its existence, the assembly developed a common constitution for a unified Germany, with the Prussian king as its monarch. Frankfurt lost its independence after the Austro-Prussian War in when Prussia annexed several smaller states, among them the Free City of Frankfurt.
Frankfurt had stayed neutral in the war, [ citation needed ] but its free press bothered the Prussians and they used the opportunity to occupy the city by force: Bismarck had been an ambassador to the German Confederation there and constantly quarrelled with the local press. The Prussian administration incorporated Frankfurt into its province of Hesse-Nassau.
The Prussian occupation and annexation was perceived as a great injustice in Frankfurt, which retained its distinct western European, urban and cosmopolitan character. The formerly independent towns of Bornheim and Bockenheim were incorporated in This marked the only civic foundation of a university in Germany; today it is one of Germany's largest. From 6 April to 17 May , following military intervention to put down the Ruhr uprising , Frankfurt was occupied by French troops.
During the Nazi era , the synagogues of the city were destroyed. Frankfurt was severely bombed in World War II — About 5, residents were killed during the raids, and the once-famous medieval city centre , by that time the largest in Germany, was almost completely destroyed.
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It became a ground battlefield on 26 March , when the Allied advance into Germany was forced to take the city in contested urban combat that included a river assault. The 5th Infantry Division and the 6th Armored Division of the United States Army captured Frankfurt after several days of intense fighting, and it was declared largely secure on 29 March After the end of the war, Frankfurt became a part of the newly founded state of Hesse, consisting of the old Hesse- Darmstadt and the Prussian Hesse provinces.
The city was part of the American Zone of Occupation of Germany. Frankfurt was the original choice for the provisional capital city of the newly founded state of West Germany in The city constructed a parliament building that was never used for its intended purpose it housed the radio studios of Hessischer Rundfunk.
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In the end, Konrad Adenauer , the first postwar Chancellor , preferred the town of Bonn , for the most part because it was close to his hometown, but also because many other prominent politicians opposed the choice of Frankfurt out of concern that Frankfurt would be accepted as the permanent capital, thereby weakening the West German population's support for a reunification with East Germany and the eventual return of the capital to Berlin. Postwar reconstruction took place in a sometimes simple modern style, thus changing Frankfurt's architectural face.
A few landmark buildings were reconstructed historically, albeit in a simplified manner e. Paul's Church , and Goethe House. The collection of historically significant Cairo Genizah documents of the Municipal Library was destroyed by the bombing.